Stainless steel

Stainless steel is an iron alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass. The chromium forms a passive layer of chromium oxide on the surface, which prevents further corrosion and gives the steel its 'stainless' properties. Other alloying elements like nickel, molybdenum, titanium, and manganese are added to enhance specific properties such as ductility, strength, and resistance to various forms of corrosion (e.g., pitting, crevice corrosion). It is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, good formability, aesthetic appeal, and hygienic properties. There are several main families: Austenitic (e.g., 304, 316) known for ductility and corrosion resistance; Ferritic (e.g., 430) known for magnetic properties and moderate corrosion resistance; Martensitic (e.g., 410, 420) known for high strength and hardness after heat treatment; Duplex (e.g., 2205) combining properties of austenitic and ferritic steels for superior strength and corrosion resistance.

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